중동부유럽

This article examines various stages of Kurdish refugees’ protracted exile in Rome. Protracted exile is characterized by refugees’ experiences of displacement, permanent abandonment, a futureless life and pariahdom. I argue that governments’ approaches, policies, and measures shape refugees’ protracted exile. Additionally, this study focuses on how refugees, as active pariahs, exercise agency to navigate through protracted exile. Informed by the concepts of permanent liminality and pariahdom and based on data collected from ethnographic fieldwork and 24 in-depth interviews, the study explores how refugees’ contextual and causal conditions generate protracted exile. It also illuminates how refugees, as active pariahs, negotiate their everyday protracted exile circumstances.